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The generated metabolites interact with steel surfaces, affecting electrochemical reactions and, consequently, the corrosion rate. APB produces several types of organic and inorganic acids and other metabolites under anaerobic conditions. Among them, the main biocide targets are acid-producing bacteria (APB), also known as fermentative bacteria, and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) 5.
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The Brazilian O&G industry usually employs THPS (batch application) and/or ADBAC (continuous low dosage application) as chemical treatments for produced water 4.ĭue to the extreme environmental conditions found in oil fields, such as high temperature, low oxygen content and high salinity, some specific groups of bacteria are present. Among the most employed biocides worldwide used in produced water treatment are glutaraldehyde (27% of the market share), dibromo-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA 24% of the market share), tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS 9% of the market share) and alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC 3% of the market share) 3. To decrease storage costs, produced water generated during oil extraction is commonly used, but it first receives a biocidal treatment to prevent microbial contamination in the well. In mature fields, the secondary recovery of oil requires water/gas injection to push the oil from the well to the platform surface. Uncontrolled microbial activity can increase oil contamination, microbially induced corrosion, biofouling and the generation of dangerous metabolic byproducts, such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2S), known as biosouring 1, 2. In oil fields, systems containing water are prone to uncontrolled microbial growth, which may trigger serious problems. These results will help to customize biocidal treatments in oil fields. The APB and SRB consortia demonstrated varying resistance levels against the biocides. The data showed important differences in terms of taxonomy but similar functional characterization, indicating the high diversity of the microbiomes. To evaluate the biocidal resistance, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the standard biocides were analyzed using enriched consortia of SRB and APB from the produced water samples. Microbiome evaluations were carried out through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The aim of this work was to evaluate the differences among microbiome compositions and their resistance to standard biocides in four different Brazilian produced water samples, two from a Southeast Brazil offshore oil field and two from different Northeast Brazil onshore oil fields.
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Biocides such as glutaraldehyde, dibromo-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium sulfate (THPS) and alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) are commonly used in oil fields to mitigate uncontrolled microbial growth. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and acid-producing bacteria (APB) are usually found in these places and can harm important processes due to increases in corrosion rates, biofouling and reservoir biosouring. Extreme conditions and the availability of determinate substrates in oil fields promote the growth of a specific microbiome.